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Essential Electrical Notes Every Electrical Engineer Should Save

Gul Bahar Shah
  Essential Electrical Notes Every Electrical Engineer Should Save Correct sizing of protection devices and power components is one of the most important aspects of electrical system design. Oversizing increases cost, while under sizing can lead to overheating, nuisance tripping, equipment failure, and serious safety risks. This quick reference covers the basic sizing guidelines for capacitor bank components. 📌 Key Design Formulas 1. Capacitor Current (3-Phase) I = (kVAR × 1000) / (√3 × Voltage) This is the foundation for selecting all downstream components. 2. HRC Fuse Selection • Fuse Rating ≈ 1.6 × Capacitor Current ‣ Handles capacitor inrush current ‣ Protects against short circuits ‣ Use HRC fuses with high breaking capacity 3. MCCB Selection • MCCB Rating ≈ 1.25 × Capacitor Current ‣ Provides overload and short-circuit protection ‣ Choose suitable breaking capacity (Icu/Ics) ‣ Coordinate with upstream protection devices 4. Capacitor Duty Contactor Unlike standard contactors,...
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Air Changer Per Hour (ACH)

Gul Bahar Shah

 Air Changer Per Hour (ACH)

In a lot of projects, I still see ACH being selected very early, sometimes based on old projects, rules of thumb, or simply “this is what we usually use”, but ACH is not a universal value you can apply everywhere. When it’s used without really understanding the space, it can create more problems than it solves: Too high → unnecessary fresh air, higher energy use, and humidity issues Too low → poor air quality and uncomfortable spaces What often gets missed is that ACH is just a way to express airflow, it doesn’t tell you why that airflow is needed, but in reality, ventilation should come from: 1- how many people are in the space 2- what kind of contaminants are present 3- requirements from standards like ASHRAE 62.1 ACH works well for certain applications like toilets, parking areas, or some industrial spaces where you’re dealing with dilution. But for offices, data centers, and comfort cooling spaces, airflow should be driven by occupancy, heat loads, and indoor air quality needs, not a predefined ACH assumption Remember, a good engineer underdtands what the space actually needs, then sizing the system accordingly.

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