Delta T (ΔT) in HVAC Systems – Complete Explanation In HVAC, Delta T (ΔT) means: Difference between two temperatures Formula: ΔT=T1−T2 Where: ΔT = Temperature difference T₁ = First temperature T₂ = Second temperature Why Delta T is Important in HVAC Delta T tells us: • How much cooling or heating is happening • Whether equipment is working properly • Energy efficiency of system • Water flow and air flow condition • Coil performance • Chiller efficiency In HVAC mainly two Delta T are used: • Water Side Delta T • Air Side Delta T 1. Water Side Delta T (Chilled Water / Hot Water) This is the temperature difference between: • Supply water temperature • Return water temperature Usually used in: • Chillers • FCU • AHU • Heat exchangers Chilled Water Delta T In cooling system: • Chiller sends cold water → called CHWS (Chilled Water Supply) • Water absorbs room heat • Warm water returns → called CHWR (Chilled Water Return) Formula: ΔTwater = Treturn−Tsupply Example 1 – Normal ...
What is Voltage? Why Voltage drop?step by step. ●Definition: Voltage is the electrical potential difference between two points in an electrical circuit. ●Unit: Volt (V). ●Concept: It is the “driving force” that pushes current (electrons) through a conductor. V= W/Q 🔹 Why Voltage Drop in Transmission Line & Electrical System? ●Voltage drop means the reduction of voltage as electrical energy flows through conductors, cables, or transmission lines. hashtag # Causes of Voltage Drop: 1. Resistance of Conductor (R): Every wire has resistance, which consumes part of the voltage. 2. Reactance (X): Inductive & capacitive effects in long transmission lines. 3. Load Current (I): Higher current → more voltage drop. 4. Power Factor (cosφ): Low power factor increases voltage drop. 5. Unbalanced load: Uneven distribution in three-phase system. 6. Distance: Longer cable length increases voltage drop. Formula: V_{drop} = I (R \cos φ + X \sin φ) \times L 🔹 What is Matter in Volt...