Chiller & Boiler Pump Location – Upstream or Downstream? Let’s Settle This Debate One of the recurring questions I hear from engineers, operators, and even contractors on site is: 👉 “Should pumps be located upstream or downstream of chillers and boilers?” At first glance, it feels like a simple “rule-of-thumb” answer. But in reality, it’s a nuanced design decision guided by hydronic principles, ASHRAE handbooks, and equipment manufacturer limits. Let’s break it down 👇 🌡️ Chilled Water Systems Low- to Mid-Rise Buildings: Pumps are often placed upstream of the chiller evaporator (on the return side). ✅ Benefits: Pump heat is absorbed by the chiller, positive NPSH margin, and evaporator stays flooded. 🔎 Backed by: Trane Engineers Newsletter & ASHRAE guidance. High-Rise or Pressure-Limited Plants: Pumps are placed downstream of the chiller evaporator (on the supply side). ✅ Benefits: Prevents adding pump head across the chiller tubes (protects pressure rating). ❌ Drawback...
Cathodic Corrosion Protection Systems: A Guide for Oil and Gas Industries
Preface
The oil and gas industry depends on steel and other metals for pipelines, storage tanks, and infrastructure. However, these metals can corrode when exposed to water or soil, which is detrimental to the integrity of pipelines and storage tanks.
This engineering book outlines the minimum requirements for anodes (high-silicon iron, graphite, magnetite) used in impressed current CP systems. It details the composition, materials, manufacturing, properties, inspection, and testing of these anodes. Additionally, it provides revised survey requirements to ensure corrosion control systems on buried or submerged structures are well-designed, operated, and maintained. The book also covers techniques, equipment, measurements, and test methods used in field applications, including the inspection of coatings in conjunction with CP for current distribution efficiency.
Contents
- 1. Principle of Electrochemical Corrosion and Cathodic Protection
- 2. Application of Cathodic Protection
- 3. Design Considerations for Cathodic Protection in Buried Pipelines and Marine Structures
- 4. Materials and Cathodic Protection Systems
- 5. Monitoring Cathodic Protection Systems
- 6. Test Methods
- 7. Installation of Cathodic Protection Systems
- 8. Commissioning of Cathodic Protection Systems
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