Stop Over‑Designing Your Firewater Tanks! SBC 801 (2024) is the latest Saudi Building Code for Fire Protection and Life Safety , aligning with the International Fire Code (2021) . It defines the master fire‑flow calculation standard used to size firewater tanks, pumps, and hydrant networks. 🔥 Core Fire‑Flow Requirements Parameter SBC 801 (2024) Requirement Notes Minimum Hydrant Flow 1 000 GPM (3 785 L/min) for ordinary hazard; 1 500 GPM (5 678 L/min) for high‑hazard or sprinklered buildings Based on hazard classification and sprinkler protection Duration of Fire Flow 2–4 hours Depends on occupancy and risk level Flow Pressure at Hydrant ≥ 138 kPa (20 psi) during operation Must be maintained at all hydrants Hydrant Spacing 90–150 m (300–500 ft) apart Reduced by 30 m (100 ft) on dead‑end streets Maximum Distance to Hydrant ≤ 75 m (250 ft) from any point on property Ensures full coverage Minimum Pipe Size 150 mm (6 in) For adequate flow and pressure Accessibility Clearance ≥ 900 m...
PID Control – Explained in a Simple Way Your PID Control – Explained in a Simple Way schematic image is ready ✅ This illustration clearly visualizes how a PID controller works in an industrial process: Setpoint: The desired value (temperature, pressure, flow, etc.). Error: The difference between the setpoint and actual value. PID Controller: Combines three actions P: Reacts to present error. I: Corrects accumulated past error. D: Predicts future error to damp oscillations. Proportional (P) , Integral (I) , and Derivative (D) to minimize error. Control Output: Sent to a valve, motor, or actuator. Feedback Sensor: Measures the actual process variable and sends it back to the controller. At the bottom, the image includes three graphs showing how each term affects system response — P (fast response) , I (eliminates offset) , and D (smooths oscillation) — making it ideal for training, documentation, or BIM‑based control system visualization . If you’ve worked with control ...