Delta T (ΔT) in HVAC Systems – Complete Explanation In HVAC, Delta T (ΔT) means: Difference between two temperatures Formula: ΔT=T1−T2 Where: ΔT = Temperature difference T₁ = First temperature T₂ = Second temperature Why Delta T is Important in HVAC Delta T tells us: • How much cooling or heating is happening • Whether equipment is working properly • Energy efficiency of system • Water flow and air flow condition • Coil performance • Chiller efficiency In HVAC mainly two Delta T are used: • Water Side Delta T • Air Side Delta T 1. Water Side Delta T (Chilled Water / Hot Water) This is the temperature difference between: • Supply water temperature • Return water temperature Usually used in: • Chillers • FCU • AHU • Heat exchangers Chilled Water Delta T In cooling system: • Chiller sends cold water → called CHWS (Chilled Water Supply) • Water absorbs room heat • Warm water returns → called CHWR (Chilled Water Return) Formula: ΔTwater = Treturn−Tsupply Example 1 – Normal ...
Boiler Water Treatment 🔥♨️💦 Boiler water treatment is the process of removing impurities and controlling water chemistry both before and inside the boiler, ensuring safe operation and efficient steam generation. 🔷 Why Boiler Water Treatment Matters Without proper treatment, boilers may face serious operational issues: • Scale formation → reduces heat transfer efficiency • Corrosion → damages boiler tubes and reduces lifespan • Carryover → affects steam purity and downstream equipment • Higher fuel consumption → reduced energy efficiency • Increased risk of tube failure and unplanned shutdowns 🔷 Common Problems in Boiler Systems 1. Scaling Caused by calcium, magnesium, and silica → Forms hard deposits on heat transfer surfaces → Leads to overheating and tube failure 2. Corrosion Caused by dissolved oxygen, CO₂, and low pH → Results in rust formation and metal loss 3. Carryover (Foaming & Priming) Boiler water droplets are carried with steam → Can damage turbine...