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Essential Electrical Accessories & Tapes – Every Site Engineer Must Know

Gul Bahar Shah
  Essential Electrical Accessories & Tapes – Every Site Engineer Must Know In electrical & MEP works, selecting the right component is not just installation, it’s about safety, reliability, and compliance. ✦ Common Electrical Accessories & Their Purpose: • 1 Way Switch - Single control point for lighting circuit • 2 Way Switch - Control from two locations (staircase, corridors) • Bell Switch - Momentary contact switch • 3 Pin Socket - With earthing for safety (IS standard practice) • MCB (Single/Double Pole) - Overcurrent & short circuit protection • RCCB - Protection against earth leakage (30mA for human safety) • DP Switch - Isolates both phase & neutral • Ceiling Rose - Lighting termination point • Fan Regulator - Voltage control (step type / electronic type) • Kit-Kat Fuse / Tube Fuse - Conventional protection systems ✿ Proper rating selection (Ampere, Voltage, Breaking Capacity) is critical. ✦ Types of Industrial Tapes & Applications: • PVC Insulation T...
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HVAC System Lifecycle – Explanation

Gul Bahar Shah

 HVAC System Lifecycle – Explanation

This diagram shows the lifecycle of an HVAC system from design to operation. It consists of five main stages:
Stage 1: Design Stage
In this stage, the system is planned and calculated.
Calculate the cooling load (example: 200 TR).
Select main equipment:
Chiller
Pumps
AHU (Air Handling Unit)
FCU (Fan Coil Units)
Design the duct system and determine sizes.
Plan chilled water piping and air distribution layout.
Goal: Complete the full system design before construction.
Stage 2: Approval & Submittal
Submit documents such as:
Equipment data sheets (AHU, FCU, etc.)
Duct layout drawings
Material specifications
The consultant reviews the documents.
After review, drawings and materials are marked APPROVED.
Goal: Ensure everything meets project specifications before installation.
Stage 3: Installation
The system is installed on site:
1. Install chilled water pipes and valves
2. Install AHU units
3. Install main ducts
4. Install dampers (VCD, Fire Dampers) and VAV boxes
5. Install FCU units in rooms
6. Fix supports, insulation, and vibration isolators
Goal: Install the system according to approved drawings.
Stage 4: Testing
Before operation, several tests are performed:
Pressure test for piping (e.g., 300 PSI)
Flushing to clean the system
Leakage test for ducts and pipes
Balancing
Airflow balancing
Water flow balancing
Goal: Make sure the system is safe and working properly.
Stage 5: Commissioning & Operation
Start and operate the system.
Connect it to the BMS (Building Management System).
Verify:
Airflow balance
Water flow balance
Equipment performance
Sensors and control operation
Goal: Final system operation and project handover.
Summary
Design → Approval → Installation → Testing → Commissioning & Operation

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