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Cost Breakdown Structure (CBS)

Gul Bahar Shah
  📊 A-Cost Breakdown Structure (CBS) Definition A Cost Breakdown Structure (CBS) is a hierarchical framework used in project management to systematically organize and categorize all project costs. It provides a clear mapping of expenses against project deliverables, ensuring transparency, accountability, and effective cost control. Purpose Budgeting : Establishes a structured approach to allocate funds across project components. Cost Control : Enables monitoring of actual vs. planned expenditures. Forecasting : Supports accurate financial projections throughout the project lifecycle. Integration : Aligns with the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) to link costs directly to deliverables. Key Components Labor Costs : Salaries, wages, benefits, and subcontractor fees. Material Costs : Procurement of raw materials, consumables, and supplies. Equipment Costs : Purchase, rental, or maintenance of machinery and tools. Overheads : Administrative expenses, utilities, insurance, and in...
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CHILLER PERFORMANCE – CALCULATION SHEET

Gul Bahar Shah

 CHILLER PERFORMANCE – CALCULATION SHEET

Given Data
Cooling Capacity = 2,400 kW
(= 8,189,138 BTU/hr)
Electrical Power Input = 850 kW
1. Coefficient of Performance (COP)
Formula:
 COP = Cooling Effect (kW) / Power Input (kW)
Calculation:
COP = 2,400 / 850
COP = 2.82
2. Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)
Method 1: Using COP
Formula:
EER = 3.412 × COP
Calculation:
EER = 3.412 × 2.82
EER = 9.6
Method 2: Using BTU/hr
Formula:
EER = Cooling Capacity (BTU/hr) / Power Input (W)
Calculation:
EER = 8,189,138 / 850,000
EER = 9.6
Method 3: Using kW/TR
Cooling Capacity = 2,400 kW = ≈ 682 TR
kW/TR = 850 / 682 = 1.24
Formula:
EER = 12 / (kW/TR)
Calculation:
EER = 12 / 1.24
EER = 9.6
Final Results
COP = 2.82
kW/TR = 1.24
EER = 9.6
Key Takeaway
All three calculation methods yield the same EER value of 9.6, confirming that the chiller performance calculations are accurate, consistent, and reliable.

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