Delta T (ΔT) in HVAC Systems – Complete Explanation In HVAC, Delta T (ΔT) means: Difference between two temperatures Formula: ΔT=T1−T2 Where: ΔT = Temperature difference T₁ = First temperature T₂ = Second temperature Why Delta T is Important in HVAC Delta T tells us: • How much cooling or heating is happening • Whether equipment is working properly • Energy efficiency of system • Water flow and air flow condition • Coil performance • Chiller efficiency In HVAC mainly two Delta T are used: • Water Side Delta T • Air Side Delta T 1. Water Side Delta T (Chilled Water / Hot Water) This is the temperature difference between: • Supply water temperature • Return water temperature Usually used in: • Chillers • FCU • AHU • Heat exchangers Chilled Water Delta T In cooling system: • Chiller sends cold water → called CHWS (Chilled Water Supply) • Water absorbs room heat • Warm water returns → called CHWR (Chilled Water Return) Formula: ΔTwater = Treturn−Tsupply Example 1 – Normal ...
Gul Bahar Shah
Gul Bahar Shah
Duct & Chilled Water Pipe Insulation
System Materials Density Thickness Vapor Barrier
Duct Insulation - Glasswool <br> - Rockwool <br> - Phenolic Foam <br> - Elastomeric (NBR/EPDM) 24 – 48 kg/m³ - 25 mm (≤ 65 mm dia) <br> - 38 mm (65–150 mm dia) <br> - 50 mm (>150 mm dia) Aluminum foil or kraft paper laminate
CHW Pipe Insulation - Pre-formed rigid fiberglass <br> - Rockwool <br> - Elastomeric foam (Armaflex) — - 25 mm (General) <br> - 38 mm (65–150 mm dia) <br> - 50 mm (>150 mm dia) Required for all cold pipes (to prevent sweating & energy loss)
⚡ Quick Notes for QC/Inspection:
Always check material type, density, and thickness against specifications.
Ensure vapor barrier is intact on all cold ducts and pipes.
Insulation must be continuous and sealed properly at joints to avoid condensation.
hashtag#HVAC hashtag#DuctInsulation hashtag#ChilledWater hashtag#MechanicalEngineering hashtag#BuildingServices hashtag#EnergyEfficiency hashtag#GreenBuilding hashtag#ConstructionProjects hashtag#ProjectManagement hashtag#QualityControl hashtag#MEP hashtag#SustainableBuildings hashtag#SiteInspection hashtag#HVACSystems
Duct Insulation - Glasswool <br> - Rockwool <br> - Phenolic Foam <br> - Elastomeric (NBR/EPDM) 24 – 48 kg/m³ - 25 mm (≤ 65 mm dia) <br> - 38 mm (65–150 mm dia) <br> - 50 mm (>150 mm dia) Aluminum foil or kraft paper laminate
CHW Pipe Insulation - Pre-formed rigid fiberglass <br> - Rockwool <br> - Elastomeric foam (Armaflex) — - 25 mm (General) <br> - 38 mm (65–150 mm dia) <br> - 50 mm (>150 mm dia) Required for all cold pipes (to prevent sweating & energy loss)
⚡ Quick Notes for QC/Inspection:
Always check material type, density, and thickness against specifications.
Ensure vapor barrier is intact on all cold ducts and pipes.
Insulation must be continuous and sealed properly at joints to avoid condensation.
hashtag#HVAC hashtag#DuctInsulation hashtag#ChilledWater hashtag#MechanicalEngineering hashtag#BuildingServices hashtag#EnergyEfficiency hashtag#GreenBuilding hashtag#ConstructionProjects hashtag#ProjectManagement hashtag#QualityControl hashtag#MEP hashtag#SustainableBuildings hashtag#SiteInspection hashtag#HVACSystems
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