Common Defects in Concrete – Causes and Effects ✳️Concrete is a strong and durable construction material, but poor workmanship, improper mix design, or inadequate curing can lead to several defects that affect performance and durability. Understanding these defects helps engineers maintain better quality control on site. 1. Honeycombing Voids or cavities in concrete caused by poor compaction or insufficient vibration, resulting in weak concrete and possible exposure of reinforcement. 2. Segregation Separation of aggregates from the cement paste, usually due to excess water or improper handling, leading to a non-uniform and weak mix. 3. Bleeding When water rises to the surface of fresh concrete due to a high water–cement ratio, creating a weak and porous surface layer. 4. Cracks Concrete cracks may occur due to shrinkage, thermal stresses, overloading, or poor curing, which can reduce durability and structural performance. 5. Spalling Chipping or breaking of the concrete surf...
Training Module on Steam Turbine
Steam Turbine
A Steam Turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion. Its modern manifestation was invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884.
Steam Turbine Topics:
- Functioning of steam turbines and their constructional features
- Governing and control, HP-LP bypass valve
- Gland sealing, control oil, seal oil, lubricating oil systems
Table of Contents
- Principle of Operation of Steam Turbines
- Extractions of Steam Turbine
- Constructional Features of Steam Turbine
- Thrust Balancing System of a Steam Turbine
- Support, Anchor, Expansion Provision of a Turbine
- Turbine Barring Arrangement
- Turbine Steam Admission Valves
- Turbine Governing System
- Turbine Lub Oil System
- Turbine Gland Sealing System
- Concept of HP/LP Bypass System
Comments
Post a Comment